Wadanne kwayoyin hormones ake amfani da su don juyar da jima'i na kifi (Ikon)
2. Menene tsarin juyayin jima'i na kifi?
3.Me ya rinjayi kifin jima'i koma baya?
4.Yaya ake juya jima'in kifi?
5.What are the most used hormones for kifin jima'i koma baya?
6.Hanyoyin sarrafa hormone
7.Menene fa'idar juyayin jima'i na kifi?
8. Menene rashin lahani na juyayin jima'i na kifi?
9.Hukunce-hukuncen shari'a na juyayin jima'i na kifi
10.Inda za a saya hormones don kifin jima'i juyayi?
11.Refeeji
1.Introduction
(1) Ma'anar juyayin jima'i na kifi
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(2)Muhimmancin juyawar jima'i na kifi
Babban manufar canjin jima'i na kifi shine haɓaka haifuwar zuriya da haɓaka halayen jima'i a cikin daidaikun mutane. Masanan kashin baya sun yi imanin cewa al’amarin canjin jima’i ya kebanta da kifi ne saboda karuwar banbance-banbance tsakanin manyan kashin baya. Nazarin kimiyya ya nuna cewa ƙwayoyin cuta na iya canza jinsin kifin da ke da tsayayya ga irin waɗannan canje-canje. Tare da maganin da ya dace, duka yara da manya kifi za a iya canza su zuwa monophyletic ko na farko na monophyletic. Kamar yadda kifin namiji yakan yi nauyi da sauri fiye da mata, ana amfani da fasahar sarrafa jima'i sau da yawa don haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa da nau'in kifin tare da tabbatar da amincin ƙwayoyin hormones don cin mutum.
2. Menene tsarin juyayin jima'i na kifi?
Kifi yana sarrafa aikinsu na haifuwa kuma yana tantance nau'in halittarsu ta ƙarshe ta hanyar daidaita haɓakawa da bambanta ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta. Tsarin Hormone muhimmin sashi ne na wannan tsari kuma ya haɗa da gatura na hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) da gatura na hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT).
Axis na HPG ya ƙunshi sakin gonadotropin-releasing factor (GnRH) ta hanyar hypothalamus, wanda ke motsa glandon pituitary don ɓoye gonadotropin (GTH) wanda ke aiki akan gonads don haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar isrogen da hormones da haɓakawa da maturation. kwayoyin cuta. Axis na HPT ya haɗa da ƙaddamar da ƙwayar thyrotropin-releasing factor (TRH) ta hanyar hypothalamus, wanda ke motsa glandon pituitary don ɓoye hormone thyroid-stimulating (TSH), wanda ke aiki akan glandar thyroid don inganta haɓakawa da ɓoyewar hormones na thyroid. daidaita tsarin metabolism. Feedback daga estrogen da thyroid hormones tsara ayyuka na hypothalamus da pituitary gland shine yake don kula da tsauri ma'auni.
Lokacin da kifaye suka haɗu da abubuwan da ke haifar da jujjuya jima'i, kamar abubuwan muhalli ko kwayoyin halitta, tsarin biyun da ke sama ya canza, yana rushe ma'auni na asali na maza da mata da kuma haifar da jerin kwayoyin halitta, yaduwar kwayar halitta, da gyaran kyallen takarda wanda a ƙarshe ya haifar da canjin jima'i. .
· Idan kifi ya juyo daga namiji zuwa mace, yana iya bi ta hanyoyi kamar haka:
①Lalacewar halayen namiji: testis ya fara raguwa, samar da maniyyi ya ragu ko tsayawa, kwayoyin stromal na jini sun ragu ko sun ɓace, matakan testosterone sun ragu.
② Gabatar da halayen mata: Ovarian primordia ya fara karuwa, oocytes sun fara yaduwa ko sake farfadowa, kwayoyin stromal na ovarian sun fara bayyana ko karuwa, kuma matakan estradiol suna karuwa.
③Saukaka halayen mata: cikakken ci gaban ovaries, al'ada ovulation, ovulation sake zagayowar kafa, barga estradiol matakan, da dai sauransu.
· Idan kifi ya juyo daga mace zuwa namiji, yana iya bi ta matakai da dama:
① Juya halayen mace: Ovaries fara raguwa, oocytes fara raguwa ko raguwa, ƙwayoyin stromal na ovarian suna raguwa ko bace, matakan estradiol suna raguwa, da dai sauransu.
②Shigo da halayen maza: primordia na jini ya fara karuwa, spermatogonia ya fara yaduwa ko sake farfadowa, kwayoyin stromal na jini sun fara bayyana ko karuwa, kuma matakan testosterone suna karuwa.
③Dabbatattun halayen maza: cikakkun gwaje-gwaje masu tasowa, samar da maniyyi na al'ada, halayen jima'i, matakan testosterone masu tsayi, da dai sauransu.
3.Me ya rinjayi kifin jima'i koma baya?
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(1)Gidan:
Tsarin kayyade jima'i na kwayoyin halitta a cikin dabbobi yana nufin cewa abubuwan muhalli na waje ba su yin tasiri a kan jagorancin bambancin jima'i, kuma kwayoyin halitta a kan chromosomes na jima'i sun ƙayyade shi. Halin ƙayyadaddun jima'i yana sarrafa "tsarin ƙaddara" kuma ya fara jerin abubuwan da suka faru na bambancin jima'i. Tsarin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun jima'i na kwayoyin halitta ya ƙunshi hadaddun hulɗar tsarin sinadarai na sinadarai, inda wasu sassa ko haɗin abubuwan da ke cikin hanyar zasu iya zama manyan abubuwan da ke ƙayyade alkiblar ƙaddarar jima'i.
(2)Zazzabi:
A lokacin da ake ƙyanƙyasar ƙwan kifin, akwai lokacin zafin jiki (TSP), wanda a lokacin ana iya canza alkiblar bambance-bambancen jima'i da yanayin jima'i ta hanyar haɓakawa ko rage yawan zafin jiki ta hanyar wucin gadi, yin watsi da tasirin abubuwan halitta. Matsalolin jinsi na iya faruwa har ma, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin tilapia na Nile, inda mata masu gado za su iya zama mazan ilimin lissafi idan aka bi da su a yanayin zafi na 36 ° C a lokacin TSP. gonads na tilapia na Nilu suna canzawa daga ovarian zuwa nau'in testicular a kwanaki 21-39 bayan hadi, kuma gonads na mata na gado sun juya zuwa gwaji na gaskiya idan an bi da su da zafi mai zafi a kwanaki 99 bayan hadi, kamar yadda VASA immunohistochemical tabo.
(3) Hormones na waje:
Kifi yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi a cikin jima'i, kuma ana iya sarrafa yanayin waje don juyar da yanayin kifin. Manyan hanyoyi guda biyu na haifar da jujjuyawar jima'i a cikin kifin sun haɗa da ƙara fitar da sinadari ko masu hanawa. Kwayoyin da ke waje suna canza matakan hormone kai tsaye don haifar da juzu'in jima'i, ta yin amfani da kwayoyi na yau da kullum kamar 17-methyltestosterone, 11-ketotestosterone, 17-estradiol, da sauransu. A madadin, magunguna masu hanawa suna tsoma baki tare da hormones da masu karɓa a cikin jiki, suna rage matakin kifin jima'i na jima'i, irin su masu hana aromatase.
4.Yaya ake juya jima'in kifi?
Hanyoyi na farko don cimma koma-bayan jima'i na kifi sun haɗa da shigar da hormone exogenous, canjin muhalli, da sarrafa kwayoyin halitta.
(1) shigar da hormone exogenous
Shigar da hormone na waje ya ƙunshi allura ko dasa kwayoyin halittar namiji ko mace cikin kifi, wanda ke canza gonads ɗin su kuma a ƙarshe jima'i. Wannan hanya tana ba da izinin sarrafa wucin gadi na rabon jima'i da sake zagayowar kifin, inganta ingantaccen aikin noma. Abubuwan da aka saba amfani dasu don shigar da hormone exogenous sun hada da 17-Methyltestosterone, ketotestosterone (11-KT), 17-estradiol (E2) da Letrozole.
(2) Canjin muhalli
Tasirin yanayin muhalli ya haɗa da sarrafa zafin jiki, haske, yawa, abinci mai gina jiki, da sauran yanayin muhallin kifin don shafar matakansa na hormone da bayyanar halittarsa, a ƙarshe yana haifar da juyewar jima'i. Duk da yake mafi dabi'a, wannan hanyar ba ta da iko kuma ana iya faɗi idan aka kwatanta da shigar da hormone exogenous.
(3) Yin amfani da kwayoyin halitta
Yin amfani da kwayoyin halitta ya haɗa da gyara ko canja wurin chromosomes ko kwayoyin halittar kifi don samun takamaiman kwayoyin halittar jima'i ko rashin mahimman kwayoyin halitta, suna ba da damar juyawa jima'i. Wannan hanya tana da yuwuwar haifar da sabbin nau'ikan da halaye, amma yana da wahala ta fasaha kuma yana iya tayar da damuwa da aminci da ɗabi'a.
5.What are the most used hormones for kifin jima'i koma baya?
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(1) 17-Methyltestosterone foda
Menene 17-Methyltestosterone foda?
17-Methyltestosterone kuma aka sani da 17-alpha-Methyltestosterone, 17a-MT, methyltest ko kamar yadda 17α-methylandrost-4-en-17β-ol-3-one, wani roba androgen hormone ne da aka saba amfani da daban-daban na likita da marasa lafiya dalilai. Yana da wani gyare-gyaren nau'i na testosterone wanda aka dauka ta baki a cikin nau'i na foda. Ana amfani da wannan magani don magance yanayi kamar jinkirin balaga, ƙananan matakan testosterone, ciwon nono a cikin mata, da juyawar jima'i na kifi.
Menene 17-Methyltestosterone foda da ake amfani dashi?
17-Methyltestosterone foda wani nau'i ne na roba na hormone testosterone. Ana amfani da shi azaman magani don magance yanayi daban-daban masu alaƙa da ƙarancin testosterone, kamar jinkirta balaga a cikin maza da ciwon nono a cikin mata. Wani lokaci ana amfani dashi don haɓaka wasan motsa jiki ko azaman kari don ƙara yawan ƙwayar tsoka. Bugu da ƙari, 17-methyltestosterone kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin noman kifi don cimma manufar juyawar jima'i na kifi.
① Amfani da magani
A cikin saitunan likita, 17 Methyltestosterone foda an ba da izini ga marasa lafiya maza waɗanda ke fuskantar jinkirin balaga. Wannan yanayin yana faruwa ne lokacin da jiki ba ya samar da isassun testosterone, wanda zai iya haifar da jinkirin girma na gabobin haihuwa, rashin gashin jiki, da rashin ci gaban tsokoki. Ta hanyar haɓakawa tare da 17 Methyltestosterone foda, marasa lafiya na iya samun haɓaka a cikin matakan testosterone, wanda zai iya inganta haɓakar halayen jima'i na biyu kamar gashin fuska da murya mai zurfi.
Bugu da ƙari, 17 Methyltestosterone foda wani lokaci ana amfani dashi don magance ciwon nono a cikin mata. Wannan magani yana aiki ta hanyar hana samar da estrogen, wanda shine hormone wanda zai iya haifar da ci gaban wasu nau'in ciwon nono. Ta hanyar rage matakan estrogen, 17 Methyltestosterone foda zai iya taimakawa wajen rage ci gaban ciwon daji da kuma inganta yiwuwar dawowar mai haƙuri.
②Ba amfani da magani ba
A waje da saitunan likita, 17 Methyltestosterone foda wani lokaci ana amfani da shi ta hanyar 'yan wasa da masu gina jiki a matsayin magani mai haɓakawa. An yi imani da ƙara yawan ƙwayar tsoka, ƙarfi, da juriya, wanda zai iya taimakawa 'yan wasa su inganta aikin wasan su. Duk da haka, yin amfani da 17 Methyltestosterone foda ta wannan hanya ba bisa ka'ida ba ne kuma zai iya haifar da mummunan sakamako na kiwon lafiya.
③Amfani da kiwo
MT (17α-Methyltestosterone) shine androgen da aka saba amfani dashi. Nazarin ya nuna cewa ana iya samun kashi 100% na maza ta hanyar amfani da 50 ug/g MT don magance mace Oreochromis niloticus; Yin amfani da 400 ug/ml na MT don magance ƙyanƙyashe Oncorhynchus tshawytscha zai iya samun kashi 100% na maza; an bi da Cyprinus carpio tare da 5 ug / ml na hanyar jiƙa na MT na tsawon sa'o'i 75 sannan kuma a ciyar da 50 mg / kg na MT kowace rana don 40. zuwa kwanaki 70, kuma 100% zuriyar maza za a iya samu.
Wanne kifi yawanci ana bi da su tare da foda 17-methyltestosterone?
Akwai nau'ikan kifaye da yawa waɗanda aka saba bi da su tare da MT, gami da tilapia, kifin bakan gizo, da salmon Atlantic.
① Tilapia
Tilapia yana daya daga cikin nau'in kifi da aka fi noma a duniya, kuma ana yawan amfani da MT don juyar da jima'i a noman tilapia. Tilapia kifi ne na ruwa mai dumi wanda asalinsa ne a Afirka kuma yanzu ana noma sosai a sassa da yawa na duniya. Amfani da MT wajen noman tilapia ya baiwa manoma damar samar da kifayen da suka hada da maza baki daya, wadanda suke girma cikin sauri kuma sun fi so don kasuwanci.
②Karan bakan gizo
Kifin bakan gizo sanannen kifin wasan ne wanda kuma ake nomawa don samar da abinci. Ana yawan amfani da MT don jujjuyawar jima'i a cikin noman kifin bakan gizo don samar da yawan kifaye na maza duka. Wannan aikin yana taimakawa wajen haɓaka aikin noman kifi ta hanyar rage yawan abinci da albarkatun da ake buƙata don kiwon kifi.
Ɗaukar kifi na Atlantic
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(2) ketotestosterone (11-KT)
Menene Ketotestosterone (11-KT)?
Ketotestosterone (11-KT) wani nau'in hormone na androgen ne na halitta wanda aka samar a cikin tes da adrenal gland na kifi. Yana da ƙarfi androgen da ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka gabobin haihuwa na namiji, halayen jima'i na biyu, da kuma hali a cikin kifi. Ketotestosterone (11-KT) yana da tsarin kama da testosterone amma yana da dangantaka mafi girma ga masu karɓa na androgen, yana sa shi ya fi ƙarfin androgen fiye da testosterone.
Menene Ketotestosterone (11-KT) ake amfani dashi?
Ketotestosterone, wanda kuma aka sani da 11-KT, wani hormone ne wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin haifuwa na yawancin dabbobi, musamman kifi da masu amphibians. Yana da nau'in androgen, wanda ke nufin yana da alhakin haɓaka halayen jima'i na namiji.
① Juya jima'i na kifi
Ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan amfani da ketotestosterone (11-KT) shine don shigar da juzu'in jima'i a cikin kifi. Wannan hormone yana da tasiri musamman wajen haifar da jujjuyawar jima'i tsakanin namiji da mace a cikin kifi, musamman a cikin nau'in nau'in tilapia, kifi, da kifi.
②Haɓaka girma da haɓakar kifi
Nazarin ya nuna cewa ketotestosterone (11-KT) na iya haifar da samar da hormone girma da kuma nau'in nau'in nau'in insulin-kamar girma a cikin kifaye, wanda ya haifar da saurin girma da karuwar nauyin jiki.
③ Inganta martanin tsarin rigakafi na kifi
An nuna Ketotestosterone (11-KT) yana da kaddarorin immunomodulatory a cikin kifi, ma'ana zai iya taimakawa wajen inganta tsarin rigakafi na kifin ga cututtuka da cututtuka. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman a wuraren kiwo, inda galibi ana fuskantar kifaye ga nau'ikan cututtuka da matsalolin muhalli waɗanda ke iya raunana tsarin garkuwar jikinsu.
Wadanne kifi ne aka saba yi da 11-KT?
Nau'in kifi kamar tilapia, catfish, da salmonids yawanci ana bi da su tare da 11-KT.
① Tilapia
A cikin tilapia, ana amfani da 11-KT don samar da yawan yawan maza don samar da kasuwanci. Tilapia nau'in kifi ne mai kima mai matuƙar amfani, kuma samar da yawan al'ummar maza yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen noma. An gano yin amfani da 11-KT a cikin tilapia yana da tasiri wajen samar da maza masu girma masu girma, inganta ingantaccen abinci, da juriya na cututtuka.
②Kifi
A cikin kifi, ana amfani da 11-KT don samar da maza waɗanda ake amfani da su don dalilai na kiwo. Wannan shi ne saboda maza suna girma da sauri kuma suna da ƙimar canjin abinci mafi kyau fiye da mata. An kuma gano yin amfani da 11-KT a cikin kifin kifin yana da tasiri wajen samar da maza masu kyawawan halaye na kwayoyin halitta, kamar juriyar cututtuka da ingantaccen nama.
③ Salmonids
A cikin Salmonids, irin su trout da salmon, ana kuma yawan bi da su tare da 11-KT. A cikin waɗannan nau'in kifi, ana amfani da 11-KT don samar da maza masu girma da sauri don samar da kasuwanci. Bugu da ƙari, ana kuma amfani da 11-KT don samar da maza don dalilai na kamun kifi, kamar yadda salmonids na namiji ya fi dacewa ga masu cin abinci.
(3)Estradiol-17 beta
Menene Estradiol-17 beta?
Estradiol-17 beta shine hormone estrogen na halitta wanda aka saba amfani dashi a cikin kifaye don juyar da jima'i na nau'in kifi daban-daban. Wannan hormone yana aiki ta hanyar inganta haɓaka halayen mata da kuma hana ci gaban halayen namiji a cikin kifi.
Menene Estradiol-17β aka yi amfani dashi?
Estradiol-17 beta wani hormone ne da aka samar a cikin jiki kuma yana cikin nau'in hormones estrogen. Yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓakawa da kiyaye gabobin haihuwa na mata da halayen jima'i na biyu. Estradiol-17 beta kuma ana samunsa azaman magani kuma ana amfani dashi don yanayin kiwon lafiya iri-iri.
① Maganin maye gurbin Hormone (HRT)
Ɗaya daga cikin amfanin farko na Estradiol-17 beta shine a cikin maganin maye gurbin hormone (HRT) ga matan mazan jiya. Menopause wani tsari ne na halitta wanda ke nuna ƙarshen shekarun haihuwa na mace. Yana da alaƙa da raguwar samar da isrogen, wanda zai iya haifar da alamu iri-iri kamar walƙiya mai zafi, bushewar farji, da canjin yanayi. HRT tare da Estradiol-17 beta na iya taimakawa wajen kawar da waɗannan alamun bayyanar cututtuka kuma rage haɗarin osteoporosis da sauran matsalolin kiwon lafiya da ke hade da ƙananan matakan estrogen.
②Maganin ciwon nono
Wani amfani na yau da kullun na Estradiol-17 beta shine a cikin maganin wasu nau'ikan kansar nono. Estrogen na iya tayar da ci gaban wasu cututtukan nono, don haka ana amfani da magungunan da ke toshe samar da isrogen ko aiki don taimakawa rage ko dakatar da ci gaban ƙwayoyin cutar kansa. Koyaya, a wasu lokuta, ana iya amfani da Estradiol-17 beta a zahiri don magance ciwon nono. Wannan saboda wasu ciwon daji na nono suna kula da estrogen kuma suna buƙatar estrogen don girma. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, ana iya amfani da Estradiol-17 beta don hana samar da isrogen a cikin jiki, wanda zai iya jinkirta ko dakatar da ci gaban kwayoyin cutar kansa.
③ Juyayin jima'i na kifi
Juya jima'i kifin Estradiol-17 wata dabara ce ta gama gari da ake amfani da ita a cikin kifaye don sarrafa jima'i na kifin don dalilai na kasuwanci. Estradiol-17 beta shine hormone na roba wanda ke kwaikwayon tasirin isrogen na halitta a cikin jiki, wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ƙayyade jima'i na kifi. Ta hanyar gudanar da wannan hormone a wasu matakai na musamman na ci gaban kifi, yana yiwuwa a haifar da mace ko namiji na kifin.
Wadanne kifi ne aka saba yi da Estradiol-17?
Akwai nau'ikan kifaye da yawa waɗanda aka saba bi da su tare da estradiol-17 beta, gami da tashar catfish, carp, da tilapia.
①Channel catfish
Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) sanannen nau'in kifi ne na ruwa wanda aka fi girma a cikin kiwo. Tashoshin kifi suna da dimorphic na jima'i, tare da maza suna da papillae na al'aura mai tsayi da kuma mata suna da zagaye, mafi girman papilla. A cikin kifayen kiwo, ana kula da kifin tashoshi tare da estradiol-17 beta don samar da yawan yawan mata. Wannan shi ne saboda catfish na tashar mata yana girma da sauri da girma fiye da maza, yana sa su zama masu riba don kasuwanci.
②Kashi
Carp (Cyprinus carpio) wani shahararren nau'in kifi ne na ruwa wanda aka fi girma a cikin kifaye. Kamar kifin tashar tashar, irin kifi suna dimorphic na jima'i, tare da maza suna da tubercles a kansu kuma mata suna da siffar jiki. A cikin kifayen kiwo, ana bi da carp tare da estradiol-17 beta don samar da yawan mace-mace don dalilai iri ɗaya kamar kifin tashoshi.
③Tilapia
Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) rukuni ne na nau'in kifayen ruwa waɗanda aka fi girma a cikin kifaye saboda saurin girma da tsayin su. Tilapia kuma dimorphic ne na jima'i, tare da maza suna da launi mai haske da tsayin ƙoshin baya fiye da na mata. A cikin kifayen kiwo, ana bi da tilapia tare da estradiol-17 beta don samar da yawan maza. Wannan shi ne saboda tilapia namiji yana girma da sauri fiye da mata, yana sa su zama masu riba don kasuwanci.
(4)Letrozole foda
Menene Letrozole foda?
Letrozole foda wani magani ne wanda ke cikin nau'in kwayoyi da aka sani da masu hana aromatase. An fi amfani da shi wajen maganin ciwon nono a cikin matan da suka shude. Kwayoyin ciwon nono suna buƙatar estrogen don girma, kuma Letrozole Foda letrozole yana aiki ta hanyar hana samar da isrogen a jiki. Wannan yana rage adadin isrogen da ke samuwa ga kwayoyin cutar kansa, yana raguwa ko dakatar da girma.
· Menene Letrozole foda ake amfani dashi?
Letrozole foda yana cikin nau'in kwayoyi da aka sani da masu hana aromatase, wanda ke aiki ta hanyar rage yawan isrogen da aka samar a cikin jiki. Ana amfani da shi ne musamman wajen maganin ciwon nono na mace da rashin haihuwa. A lokaci guda kuma, yana aiki akan juyawar jima'i na kifi.
①Maganin ciwon nono
Letrozole Foda magani ne da ake amfani da shi don magance cutar kansar nono. Hakanan zai iya taimakawa wajen hana ciwon nono dawowa. An ba da shawarar musamman ga matan da suka yi al'ada kuma suna da irin ciwon daji da ake kira "hormone-dependent" cancer nono.
②Sarrafawa da Kara Kwai
Baya ga yin amfani da shi a maganin ciwon nono, ana iya amfani da foda na letrozole a cikin maganin rashin haihuwa. A cikin matan da ke fama da ciki, letrozole na iya taimakawa wajen tayar da ovulation ta hanyar hana samar da estrogen a jiki. Ta hanyar rage adadin isrogen a cikin jiki, letrozole na iya ƙarfafa samar da follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), wanda ke da alhakin haifar da ovulation.
③Samun juyayin jima'i na kifi
Letrozole magani ne wanda ya sami kulawa a cikin masana'antar kiwo don ikonsa na haifar da jujjuyawar jima'i a cikin kifi. Juya jima'i wani tsari ne wanda ake canza halayen jima'i na kifi, yawanci daga mace zuwa namiji, ko akasin haka. Wannan tsari yana da aikace-aikace da yawa a cikin kifayen kiwo, gami da samar da dukkan al'ummomin maza, wanda zai iya haɓaka ƙimar girma da rage abubuwan da suka shafi haifuwa.
Letrozole yana aiki ta hanyar hana samar da estrogen, hormone wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka halayen jima'i na mata. Ta hanyar rage adadin isrogen a jikin kifi, letrozole na iya haifar da haɓakar halayen jima'i na namiji, irin su gwaje-gwaje da halayen jima'i na biyu na namiji.
Wadanne kifi ne ake bi da su da letrozole?
Ana amfani da Letrozole don haifar da namiji a cikin nau'in kifi na mata, irin su tilapia, wanda yawanci ana girma don naman su.
① Tilapia
Tilapia yana daya daga cikin kifin da aka fi yiwa magani tare da letrozole. Ana ƙara maganin a cikin abincin kifi, kuma bayan lokaci, yana sa kifin mace ya haɓaka halayen namiji, kamar ƙara yawan ƙwayar tsoka da kuma yanayin jiki. Ana kiran wannan tsari a matsayin "juyawar jima'i," kuma al'ada ce ta kowa a cikin masana'antar kifaye don samar da kifi tare da kyawawan halaye.
②Catfish da barramundi
Sauran nau'in kifin da ake kula da su da letrozole sun hada da kifin kifi da barramundi. A cikin waɗannan nau'ikan, ana amfani da letrozole don sarrafa lokacin haifuwa. Ta hanyar ba da letrozole ga kifin mata, masu ruwa da ruwa na iya jinkirta farkon balaga kuma su tsawaita lokacin da za a iya girbe kifin. Wannan yana ba da damar yin amfani da albarkatu masu inganci da yawan amfanin kifin gaba ɗaya.
6.Hanyoyin sarrafa hormone
( 37 16 32 ) ↗
(1) Gudanar da baka
Gudanar da baki ya ƙunshi haɗakar da kwayoyin halitta da abinci da isar da su da baki ga kifi. Wannan hanya ba ta da haɗari kuma ba ta da damuwa fiye da allura, amma yana buƙatar kifi ya cinye abincin da aka yi wa maganin hormone akai-akai, wanda zai iya zama da wuya a cimma. Bugu da ƙari, kashi na hormonal zai iya bambanta tsakanin kifaye guda ɗaya, wanda zai haifar da sakamakon da ba daidai ba.
(2) Allura
Allurar ta ƙunshi allurar maganin hormone kai tsaye cikin tsokar kifin. Wannan hanya tana da tasiri sosai kuma abin dogara, kamar yadda aka ba da hormone kai tsaye zuwa jini. Duk da haka, yana buƙatar ƙwarewa da ƙwarewa don yin allurar daidai, kuma yana iya haifar da damuwa da lalacewa ga kifi.
(3) Nitsewa
Nitsewa ya ƙunshi nutsar da kifi a cikin wanka mai ɗauke da maganin hormone. Wannan hanya ita ce mafi sauƙi kuma mafi sauƙi don aiwatarwa, saboda yana buƙatar ƙarancin sarrafa kifi. Hakanan ya dace da aikace-aikace masu girma. Duk da haka, ƙaddamarwar hormonal da tsawon lokacin bayyanarwa dole ne a kula da su a hankali don kauce wa mummunan tasiri akan lafiyar kifi da rayuwa.
A ƙarshe, zaɓin hanyar sarrafa hormone ya dogara da abubuwa da yawa, ciki har da nau'in kifi, girman yawan jama'a, da albarkatun da ke akwai. Ba tare da la'akari da hanyar da aka yi amfani da ita ba, sarrafa hormone kayan aiki ne mai ƙarfi don haifar da jujjuyawar jima'i a cikin kifi, yana ba da damar samar da dukkanin maza don kiwo.
7.Menene fa'idar juyayin jima'i na kifi?
( 19 25 22 ) ↗
(1) Kula da jinsin kifi
Ɗaya daga cikin fa'idodin juyayin jima'i na kifi shine cewa yana ba da damar sarrafa jinsin kifi. Wannan yana da mahimmanci a harkar kiwo domin yana baiwa manoma damar samar da kifayen jinsin da ake so, wanda hakan zai iya haifar da inganci da ribar noman kifin. Misali, tilapia namiji yana girma da sauri kuma yana da yawan amfanin ƙasa fiye da mata, don haka ana iya amfani da juzu'in jima'i don samar da yawan maza duka don ingantaccen girma.
(2) Yawan amfanin ƙasa da riba
Wani fa'ida na juyawar jima'i na kifi shine cewa zai iya haifar da yawan amfanin ƙasa da riba. Ta hanyar samar da kifayen jinsin da ake so, manoma za su iya inganta ayyukansu da kuma samar da kifin da yawa don kasuwa. Wannan na iya haifar da riba mai yawa ga manoma da kuma samar da samfuran kifi ga masu amfani.
(3) Rage tasirin muhalli
Baya ga waɗannan fa'idodin, juyawar jima'i na kifi kuma na iya haifar da raguwar tasirin muhalli. Ta hanyar samar da al’umma baki daya maza, manoma za su iya rage yawan kifin da ya kamata a kashe, wanda zai iya rage sharar gida da kuma hana illar da ke tattare da muhalli.
8. Menene rashin lahani na juyayin jima'i na kifi?
( 17 12 22 ) ↗
(1)Ragowar hormone a cikin kayayyakin kifi
Wata matsala mai yuwuwa ita ce kasancewar ragowar hormone a cikin samfuran kifi. Wadannan ragowar na iya haifar da haɗari ga lafiya ga masu amfani da ita kuma suna iya haifar da damuwa game da aminci da ingancin samfuran kifi.
(2)Ilayi mara kyau akan lafiyar kifi da ɗabi'a
Wani rashin lahani na juyawar jima'i na kifi shine yuwuwar mummunan tasirin akan lafiyar kifin da ɗabi'a. Kifayen da ke juyar da jima'i na iya fuskantar canje-canje a ilimin halittarsu da halayensu, wanda zai haifar da matsalolin lafiya ko wasu munanan illolin.
(3)Haɗarin gurɓatawar hormone a cikin muhalli
A ƙarshe, akwai haɗarin kamuwa da cutar hormone a cikin muhalli. Hormones da ake amfani da su wajen juyar da jima'i na kifin na iya yuwuwar shiga cikin muhalli kuma suyi tasiri ga sauran halittu, wanda zai haifar da rushewar yanayin muhalli da sauran matsalolin muhalli.
9.Hukunce-hukuncen shari'a na juyayin jima'i na kifi
Juya jima'i na kifi wata hanya ce mai mahimmanci da ake amfani da ita a cikin kiwo don samar da yawan al'ummar maza don saurin girma da haɓaka juriya na cututtuka. Duk da haka, amfani da hormones a cikin noman kifi ya tayar da damuwa game da yiwuwar lafiya da tasirin muhalli. Don haka, abubuwan da aka tsara na juya jima'i na kifi suna da mahimmanci don tabbatar da aminci da dorewar wannan aikin.
(1) Dokoki da jagororin amfani da hormone a cikin kiwo
Dokoki da jagororin amfani da hormone a cikin kiwo sun bambanta tsakanin ƙasashe da yankuna. Misali, Tarayyar Turai tana da tsauraran ka'idoji game da amfani da hormones a cikin kiwo kuma suna buƙatar izini kafin amfani da su. A Amurka, Hukumar Kula da Abinci da Magunguna ta tsara yadda ake amfani da hormones a cikin kiwo ta Cibiyar Magungunan Dabbobi. Waɗannan ƙa'idodi da jagororin suna nufin tabbatar da cewa amfani da hormones a cikin kiwon kifi yana da aminci ga amfanin ɗan adam kuma baya cutar da muhalli.
(2) Kulawa da sa ido kan ragowar hormone a cikin kayan kifin da muhalli
Kulawa da sa ido kan ragowar hormone a cikin kayayyakin kifin da muhalli yana da mahimmanci don tantance yiwuwar haɗarin da ke tattare da amfani da hormones a cikin kifaye. Ragowar Hormone na iya taruwa a cikin kyallen kifaye kuma ana iya tura su zuwa ga mutanen da suke cinye su. Don haka, lura da ragowar hormone a cikin kayan kifin yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa ba su da lafiya don cin abinci na ɗan adam. Bugu da ƙari, lura da ragowar hormone a cikin muhalli na iya taimakawa wajen gano yuwuwar tushen gurɓata da tantance tasirin muhallinsu.
10.Inda za a saya hormones don kifin jima'i juyayi?
( 21 19 12 ) ↗
(1)AdvaCare:wani kamfani na magunguna da na kiwon lafiya wanda ke ba da hormone jima'i don jima'i na kifin kifi a cikin allunan kamar 17-Alpha-Methyltestosterone da Letrozole. Allunan 17-methyltestosterone sune 5 MG a kowace kashi, tare da allunan 10 a kowane akwati, yayin da allunan letrozole sune 2.5 MG kowace kashi, tare da allunan 10 a kowane akwati.
(2)AASraw:wani kamfani ya ƙware a cikin masana'antar tsaka-tsakin sinadarai da kayan aikin magunguna masu aiki (APIs) waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a cikin gwaji na asibiti, gami da 17-methyltestosterone da letrozole raw foda. Suna da damar tsara manyan ayyuka da kuma biyan bukatun ƙananan amfani. Tare da ƙwararrun bincike da cibiyar ci gaba, suna tabbatar da inganci da tsabta na 17-methyltestosterone da letrozole foda. Hakanan suna da masana'anta mai zaman kanta don tabbatar da samar da samfur da gudanar da gwaji mai tsauri kafin siyar da albarkatun kasa.
(3)Kabir Life Sciences: sanannen dandamali wanda ke ba da samfuran magunguna masu inganci ta hanyar ayyuka daban-daban, gami da masana'antar magunguna, ikon amfani da PCD, da fitar da samfuransu zuwa ƙasashen duniya. Suna ba da hormones don juyawa jima'i na kifi, irin su Ketotestosterone da estradiol-17 beta a cikin nau'in kwamfutar hannu, kuma ana iya samun ainihin ƙayyadaddun bayanai akan tsari.
*Tsaurari: Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa amfani da siyar da waɗannan abubuwan an tsara su sosai, kuma samun su ba tare da ingantacciyar takardar sayan magani ba bisa doka ba ne kuma yana da haɗari. Mutanen da ke neman yin amfani da 17-methyltestosterone da letrozole don dalilai na likita ya kamata su tuntuɓi ƙwararren likita mai lasisi wanda zai iya ba da jagoranci game da amfani da ya dace da kuma tushen waɗannan kwayoyi. Yana da mahimmanci a bi duk ƙa'idodin aminci da na doka don guje wa sakamako masu illa.
【Reference】
[1] Li SJ, Zhang YJ, Chai XS, Nie MF, Zhou YY, Chen JL, da dai sauransu. Letrozole Ovulation Induction: Zaɓuɓɓuka Mai Kyau a cikin Shirye-shiryen Endometrial don Canja wurin amfrayo mai daskararre. Arch Gynecol Obstetrics (2014) 289:687-93. doi: 10.1007/s00404-013-3044-0
[2] Weil SJ, Vendola K, Zhou J, Adesanya OO, Wang J, Okafor J, et al. Maganar Androgen Receptor Gene A cikin Primate Ovary: Tsarin Halitta, Ƙa'ida, da Daidaituwar Aiki. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (1998) 83: 2479-85. doi: 10.1210/jcem.83.7.4917
[3] Cytogenetic toxicity da gonadal effects na 17 α-methyltestosterone a Astyanax bimaculatus (Characidae) da kuma Oreochromis niloticus (Cichlidae) .Rivero-Wendt CL, Miranda-Vilela AL, Ferreira MF, Borges AM, Grisolia CK.Gnet Mol Res. 2013 Satumba 23; 12 (3): 3862-70. doi:10.4238/2013.Satumba.23.4.PMID: 24085447
[4] Franks S, Adams J, Mason H. Clin Obstet Gynaecol (1985) 12:605–32. doi: 10.1016/S0306-3356(21)00138-2
[5] Rashin genotoxicity a cikin Astyanax bimaculatus da Oreochromis niloticus na 17a-methyltestosterone da aka yi amfani da su a cikin kifin kifi don samar da yawan mazan monosex.Rivero-Wendt CL, Miranda-Vilela AL, Ferreira MF, Amorim FS, da Silva VA, Louvandini H.Griso Genet Mol Res. 2013 Oktoba 24; 12 (4): 5013-22. doi: 10.4238/2013. Oktoba.24.14. Saukewa: 24301763
[6] Ruzicka L, Goldberg MW, Rosenberg HR (1935).Sex Hormones Herstellung des 17-Methyl-testosterons und anderer Androsten- und Androstanderivate.Zusammenhänge zwischen chemischer Konstitution und männlicher Hormonwirkung”.18
[7] Biljan MM, Hemmings R, Brassard N (2005). "Sakamakon Jarirai 150 Bayan Jiyya Tare da Letrozole ko Letrozole da Gonadotropins". Furu da Sterility.84: .
[8] Pretorius, Elzette; Arlt, Wiebke; Storbeck, Karl-Heinz (2016). "Sabon alfijir don androgens: darussa na al'ada daga 11-oxygenated C19 steroids". Yanayin kwayoyin halitta da ɗakunan ƙwayoyin cuta. 441: 76-85.
[9] Nagahama Y, Miura T, Kobayashi T (1994). "Farkon spermatogenesis a cikin kifi". Ciba samu. Alama. Novartis Foundation Symposia. 182: 255–67, tattaunawa 267–70.
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AASraw shine ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masu sana'a na Letrozole foda & 17-methyltestosterone foda wanda ke da dakin gwaje-gwaje mai zaman kansa da babban ma'aikata a matsayin tallafi, duk abin da za a yi za a yi a karkashin tsarin CGMP da tsarin kula da ingancin kulawa. Tsarin samar da kayayyaki yana da karko, duka dillalai da umarni na siyarwa suna karba. Barka da zuwa don ƙarin koyo game da AASraw!
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